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- Date: 26 November 1985
- Number: 119
-
- Information and Policy Statement Concerning Over-Voltage Protection
- on "S" Server£
-
- Novell has incorporated a design enhancement in the "S" line of
- server products which makes them less susceptible to failure due to
- induced high voltages on the transmission lines. The 6 port cluster
- connector panel, part # 810-41-001, has been replaced with a 6 port
- cluster connector panel with over-voltage protection, part #
- 810-102-001. The new "Intelligent NIC", part # 810-96-001, also
- hasover-voltage protection circuitry, as does the regular NIC
- 810-86-001 Rev. D.
-
- Novell has identified 3 modes of noise induction that can lead to
- failure:
-
- 1.Common Mode Noise: Failures due to this type of noise represent
- defective building wiring, or connecting inappropriate types of
- equipment to the same circuit as the computing equipment. The third
- wire grounding scheme is intended to guarantee that all equipment in
- a building has the same ground reference. Properly designed
- equipment is not supposed to send any current down the third wire.
- Because the chassis ground (which must be connected tothe third wire
- ground) is connected at some point to the logic ground,
- current introduced into the third wire will also be able to flow
- through the 47 ohm resistors between logic ground and the
- transmission lines to the other machine and back to ground.
- Currents larger than 0.1 amp were able to destroy the transmitters
- and receivers prior to the new design change. Failure due to this
- type of noise represents a defect in the buildings wiring or a
- defect with equipment in the building. It can be corrected by
- properly wiring the building. It can be detected by monitoring
- voltage between the two chassis ofthe connected equipment.
-
- 2.Local Ground Differences: Ground reference is a local phenomenon.
- The potential difference between two rods driven into the gound a
- few hundred yards apart can be substantial. During storms it can be
- thousands of volts. Because any particular building is generlally
- connected to a single grounding system, problems due to this
- phenomenon generally occur when connecting between buildings.
- When a potential difference exist between ground references of two
- connected systems, current will tend to flow between the machines
- overthat connection with the potential for destroying components if
- this current value becomes significant. Proper design of the
- connection between separate grounding systems can reduce or
- eliminate failures due to this type of problem. Connections between
- buildings are best accomplished with a conductive conduit(aluminum or
- other metal) which is connected to the respective groundingsystems
- at both ends and which have rods driven into the ground at 20
- foot intervals and connected to the conduit along its entire length.
- Cables runthough this conduit, and equipment connected to the two
- respective grounding sytems, will receive substantial protection from
- this scheme. This type of problem can be detected by monitoring the
- voltage between the chassis of thec onnected equipment. With the
- "S" system this voltage can be monitored between the shield of the
- cable and the chassis of the PC as the shield of a properly made
- cable is connected to the chassis of the server but not to the
- PC.
-
- 3.Electromagnetically Induced Noise: The connection between the
- server and the PC along with the connection of the server and the
- PC to the ground form aloop which can have currents induced into it
- via capacitance and inductance. The shielding sheme of the server is
- quite effective against capacitively induced noise but not nearly as
- effective against inductively coupled noise. Its effectiveness as a
- shield protecting against component failures would been hanced by
- connecting the shield at both ends instead of at the server only, but
- then the shield could become a source of interference for the
- transmitted data. Inductively induced noise is the main type of noise
- the new protective circuits are designed to protect against. Observed
- failures due to this type of noise have been largely attributable to
- poorly placed transmission cables. Cables run outside of buildings
- without properly grounded protective conduitare very susceptible as
- are cables in wiring troughs with power mains. Again,proper cable
- routing eliminates most failures from this type of noise.
-
- The over-voltage protection on the new boards is expected to provide
- substantial protection from all 3 conditions as it routes damaging
- levels of electrical energy directly to the chassis. Components on
- the new boards are protected against transients to hundreds of times
- previoius safe levels. Steady-state safe levels are increased an order
- of magnitude.
-
- MIS-INFORMATION
-
- There has been some confusion about the nature of the connections
- to the "S" server. The cabling for the "S" server connections contain
- no ground wires. The shield is connected directly to the chassis via
- pins 1, 2, and 3 which are tied tothe mounting hardware fastening to
- the rear panel, which is the chassis.
-
- Ordering Information
-
- The 6 port cluster connector panel with over-voltage protection is
- available at asuggested retail price of $100.00, and its part number is
- 810-102-001. Novell feels this is a product enhancement, and that in
- almost all cases appropriate cabling practices will eliminate individual
- port failures.
-
- NIC cards of the 810-56-00X and 810-86-001 (REV. C and earlier)
- series can haveover-voltage protectors added to them for $50.00 plus
- shipping from Novell CustomerService. Please obtain appropriate RMA
- numbers prior to sending any material to Novell.
-
- The newer "Intelligent NIC", part number 810-96-001 and regular NIC,
- part number 810-86-001 Rev. D, already has over-voltage protectors
- built in, so there is noneed to have any added to these boards.
-
- Disclaimer
-
- No amount of protective circuitry can protect against improper
- installation. There will be conditions that cannot be protected
- against, for example, a direct lightning strike can easily induce
- voltages which will destroy a system. There will be no protection
- from boards with the over-voltages protectors if the screws
- connecting those boards to the chassis are not installed.
- /for